Alpine, especially valley, glaciers can form in any alpine setting where snow is allowed to accumulate. The features they create can be seen in mountain environments from high elevations down to sea level.

***A roche moutonée is a protrusion of the underlying bedrock that has been abraded smooth on the up-flow side, and plucked on the down-flow side. The roche moutonée in this picture (from the head of the Green River, Wind River Range, Wyoming), in the middle foreground, shows that the glacier flowed from left to right. The process by which these features form is controlled by ice flow and bedrock type. A roche moutonee is an erosional form which is an end member of a continuum of streamlined forms including crag-and-tail (deposition behind a resistent knob) and drumlins (erosion and deposition of till).

*** trough is synonymous with a U-shaped valley. This is the valley in which a major mountain glacier flowed. Although this photo (Macdonald Creek, on the west side of Glacier National Park, Montana) shows a smooth U-shape, troughs can also be stair-stepped in both long and cross-profile. In cross-profile, troughs often have V-shaped upper valley walls (shaped by mass wasting) and U-shaped lower walls, scoured by ice. In long profile it is common for water to collect in these troughs. When that happens, paternoster lakes are formed. When a glacier flows down to sea level, a fjord can be formed.

***A fjord is often defined as a drowned (ocean-filled) trough carved by a glacier. However, fjords can differ significantly from troughs, particularly near their mouths. They look like af a trough above the water, but because the ice floats near its terminus, it carves a flat bottom below the water. Thus fjords are U-shaped troughs at their inland end and transition to square in cross-profile at their mouths. Many fjords have a shallow threshold at or just beyond their mouths, where the glaciers ended in a calving margin at an ice cliff at their maximum.

***A hanging valley is a valley eroded by a tributary glacier to the main, or trunk glacier in the main trough. The thickness of the ice in a tributary glacier is less than that of the trunk, because it drains a smaller area and has a smaller discharge. Because of this difference in thickness, the elevation of the valley floors is not the same, although the ice surfaces were probably at the same level during maximum glaciation, when the troughs were cut. When the ice melts, a cross-profile of the tributary valley or cirque is exposed. Note that river valleys also hang, although the difference in elevation between trunk stream and tributary beds is seldom more than a few meters, and is usually under water!

***A nunatak is a bedrock knob that rises above the surrounding glaciated area. A nunatak may resemble a horn because both are too steep on the sides to support ice The difference is that a nunatak is not surrounded by cirques. It is a feature that existed in the topography before the area was glaciated. In this picture from Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, the nunatak seen in the foreground diverts the flow of the glacier. The rounded form, with a steep down-ice termination, is typical of a roche moutonée. During the last glaciation, this rock, now a nunatak, was covered and shaped by the glacier

***Paternoster lakes (named for their imagined resemblance to rosary beads) are a series of lakes that form in the low spots of a u-shaped valley. They are linked by a stream that flows through the valley. The presence of such lakes is diagnostic of recent glaciation, as rivers cannot cut basins, but rather, attempt to fill them from upstream and drain them from downstream.The number of lakes in a trough can vary as a function of the weakness, jointing, and lithology of the underlying bedrock. Glaciers can also vary in erosive power along their length based on bed temperature, valley steepness, and extending or compressive flow. The lakes shown occupy the Grinnell Creek valley below the Grinnell Glacier (behind the camera), Glacier National Park, Montana. Note the difference in color between Grinnell lake (closest to the camera) in which silt from Grinnell Glacier outwash is deposited, and Josephine lake (second from the camera), which is much clearer. The "bathtub ring" around Sherburne lake (farthest from the camera) results from management of water level by a dam.

Erosional landforms are influenced by a variety of factors.The pre-existing topography determines much of a landform’s characteristics. Bedrock types determine the relative erodibility of the landscape being affected by glaciation. The landforms themselves are created through the combination of a variety of erosional processes such as abrasion, plucking, and mass wasting. These processes dramatically change the underlying topography to create the unique landforms and landscape explained on this page
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References :
http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/eroland1/alpvalglaclink.htm

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